Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Oleic acid attenuates asthma pathogenesis via Th1/Th2 immune cell modulation, TLR3/4-NF-κB-related inflammation suppression, and intrinsic apoptotic pathway induction
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429591
Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-asthmatic effect of oleic acid according to BALF and serum IgE analysis and histopathological observation. The populations of (A) WBCs and (B) eosinophils (Eos) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were elevated due to OVA exposure and subsequently reduced by oleic acid treatment. Notably, oleic acid reduced the number of white blood cells and eosinophils in a concentration-dependent manner (n = 4). (C) Observation of inflammatory cells in BALF through Diff Quik staining showed a dose-dependent decrease with oleic acid treatment. Scale bar, 100 μm; magnification, 400×. (D) Serum IgE levels, which were elevated in the OVA-induced group, decreased in a dose-dependent manner with oleic acid treatment at various concentrations (n = 8). (E) Lung morphology, characterized by hypersecretion of mucus, proliferation of epithelial cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchoalveolar ducts and blood vessels, which were altered due to OVA, improved with oleic acid treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Scale bar, 100 μm; magnification, × 200. (F) Bronchoalveolar mucus secretion induced by OVA was reduced by treatment with varying concentrations of oleic acid (in a dose-dependent manner). Scale bar, 100 μm; magnification, × 200. a, CON; b, OVA; c, 1 mg/kg DEX; d, 50 mg/kg oleic acid; e, 125 mg/kg oleic acid; f, 250 mg/kg oleic acid. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05 vs. CON; ** p < 0.001 vs. CON; $ p < 0.05 vs. OVA; $$ p < 0.001 vs. OVA; # p < 0.05 vs. 1 mg/kg DEX; ## p < 0.001 vs. 1 mg/kg DEX; @ p < 0.05 vs. 50 mg/kg oleic acid; @@ p < 0.001 vs. 50 mg/kg oleic acid; & p < 0.05 vs. 125 mg/kg oleic acid.
Article Snippet: Differential cell counts were performed on the resuspended BALF white blood cells (WBCs) using a Hemavet Multispecies Hematology System (Drew Scientific, Waterbury, CT, USA) and the Diff Quik staining set (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Techniques: Concentration Assay, Diff-Quik, Staining, Standard Deviation